Members of the public take part in a guided tour to see beavers by a pond near Doune, Perthshire, Scotland, on June 16, 2024. (Photo by Andy Buchanan / AFP)
Doune, United Kingdom: As night falls in central Scotland, beavers appear in a pond under the fascinated gaze of a group of nature enthusiasts.
Beavers are "ecosystem engineers", whose activities can alleviate flooding, improve water quality and boost wildlife.
But the visitors' delight is not shared by everyone in the region, where the industrious tree-felling mammals have caused much gnashing of teeth among farmers and gardeners.
Beavers, which had disappeared from Scotland for around 400 years due to hunting, were reintroduced in the wild in 2009.
Ten years later, to the dismay of some farmers and landowners, the herbivorous rodents were designated a protected species.
Wildlife visits to see the animals in their natural habitat are now popular and bring in revenue.
"We saw a lot of them today. I feel very privileged," said Catriona Morrison, Gaelic policy manager for Historic Environment Scotland, after a "safari" at Argaty farm, north of Stirling.
Argaty is home to endangered red squirrels as well as beavers, which can reach one metre (3.2 feet) in length and weigh up to 19 kilograms (42 pounds).
The dam-building semi-aquatic wetland dwellers were relocated there after causing serious damage to agricultural land nearby.
A beaver eats a potato by the bank of pond near Doune, Perthshire, Scotland, on June 16, 2024. (Photo by Andy Buchanan / AFP)
Argaty's owner Lynn Bower raves about them, not least because the farm track no longer floods during the winter months.
"It used to flood to a depth of about four feet (1.2 metres) and we had to rebuild it every winter," she told AFP.
"Because one of the beaver families is above that, they built dams, which holds the water back and it doesn't flood.
"They have increased the area of wetland magnificently and the benefit to the other wildlife from very small things like dragonflies and frogs, right up to bats and all those sorts of things, is staggeringly quick and rather wonderful."
Natural engineers
There were almost 1,000 beavers in Scotland in 2020-21, according to NatureScot, the public body responsible for Scotland's natural heritage.
Their numbers have grown because they have no natural predators in the region.
NatureScot touts beavers' role in boosting biodiversity and helping flood protection by cutting trees, digging burrows and channels, and building dams.
But, as in the case of many wildlife reintroductions, the picture is complex and not everyone is as enthusiastic.
"They're wonderful engineers but there's no place for them in Scotland," said Douglas Neill, a farmer, as he watched trucks reconstruct an embankment protecting his land from flooding from the River Tay.
The embankment collapsed in October last year because of burrows dug by the beavers, turning his potato field into a lake, he explained.
A beaver eats a potato by the bank of pond near Doune, Perthshire, Scotland, on June 16, 2024. (Photo by Andy Buchanan / AFP)
Barns that can hold up to 3,000 tonnes of vegetables lie empty, he added.
"The greens want beavers but do they think about what we are going to eat?" he asked, estimating the damage to his property at more than £2.0 million ($2.5 million).
"If we want to keep producing our own food, the solution is eradication," he said.
NatureScot says managing different interests is the key.
It offers professional support to people experiencing damage caused by beavers, with measures such as fencing vulnerable areas, protecting individual trees, "more novel techniques" or, as a last resort, lethal control of excess numbers.
